By-product coke oven



Deco 4 1923. 1,475,524

2. H. KEVORKIAN BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN Filed July '7, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet WITNESSES QiNMM At hnwwy G60 4' I ,2. H. KEVORKIAN BY-PRODUCT com: OVEN Filed July 7. 1919 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR WITNESSES Attorney Patented Dec. 4, 1923..

UNITED ZAREH H. KEVORKIAN, OF FAIRFIELD, ALABAMA.

nY-rnonoc'r coxn ovnn.

Application and July 7, 1919. Serial No. 309,192.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ZAREH H. KEVORKIAN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at. Fairfield, in the county of Jet ferson and State of Alabama, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in By-Product C'oke Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved recuperative oven or retort for use in carbonizing material, and is adapted for single or group construction, preferably the latter for economy of construction and operation, This improved by-product charcoal oven is primarily designed for the destructive distillation of wood of any kind for the recovery of all of the bv-products found and for the production 0 charcoal. However it can be very readily adapted for carbonization of other materials.

My invention has for its object to provide such a by-product charcoal oven having its constituent parts designed and organized so that in a marked degree simplicity, compactness, practicability of operation and economy in normal cost of construction and operation are obtained.

My invention is peculiarly designed to avoid use ofregulation, of heat in the combustion chamber and to provide a spaced lining to obtain a more uniform treatment of the entire product than would be obtained if the wood were allowed to contact with the highl heated oven walls.

Ad iirther important object is the placing of the oven so that it will be surrounded by recuperating agencies, the radiant heat from which is taken up by air supplied to the combustion chamber surrounding the oven and is thus efiiciently utilized.

My invention is also peculiarly desi ed for utilizing the less valuable part 0 the charcoal in the oven as the means for heating the oven, it being found. that the byproduct gas obtained from the charcoal ove 1S inadequate to heat it.

My process and the preferred apparatus for carrying it into efiect are illustrated in a preferred embodiment only in the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification, and in which Figs. 1 and' 2, respectively, show a sectional elevation and a plan of the oven.

Fig. 3 shows a sectional plan.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.

As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, cylindersa metal base 4, which in turn is supported by the concrete structure 1. The cylinders 2 and 3, bein placed concentric, afford a uniform a-nnu ar space 5. Cylinder 3 has a series of holes 62 at its bottom, the function of which will be described later. A row of refractory brick 6 is placed in checker form allowing proper recesses between the bricks for the circulating air necessary for the combustion of fuel within space 5. 7 in Fig. 1 is a metal ring fitting in and covering the annular space 5 between cylinders 2 and 3 at the top, said ring having holes 8. 9 is a hopper supported by the ring 7 and fitted to be turned on the top of cylinder 2 by a handle 10. Said hopper 9 is provided with holes 11 corresponding to holes 8 in ring 7. The ring 9 is made to turn by the application of power at handle 10. 12 in Figs. 1 and 3 is a metal ring of suitable material fitting in the bottom of the space 5 formed between 2 and 3 and resting on and supported by the base 4. The ring 12 has at one side a boss projecting through a slot made in the bottom edge of the cylinder 2 to receive a lever 13 projecting through the checkerwork brick 6 and the concrete structure 1. The said ring is also provided with suitable holes 14 and fitted to turn on 4 when power is applied at lever 13. The metal base 4 supports 2, 5 and 12 and is sup orted by concrete structure 1, said base having holes 15 corresponding to holes in 12 but shorter in length. A pipe 16 leads from the upper part of-the space 5 into a flue 17 formed in the concrete structure and connecting to a suitable stack 18 (Fig. 2). 19 is a circular damper fitting in pipe 16 and made to rotate freely by means of a lever 20. 21 is a hole of a suitable size cut in the concrete structure and opening into checkerwork 6. A car 22 of suitable size and construction and having a spout 23 is supported by wheels 24 and adapted to travel on rails 25. A pipe 26 of suitable size is embedded in the concrete structure 1 and provided with branches 27 and 28, said pipe 26 bein closed at each end. The base has formed t erein an annular ring pro'ectin u wardly in the bell at the base 0 the cy in er 3 and at its bottom havin an annular groove containing pliable an uncombustible packing ring material 35 for the iii i andtheother end forked to connect to the link 36 by meansoi a pin 41. Asuitable '2 istand42 is suppf ted, on a suitable floor and hasa hand wheel l3 threaded to; receive the- ,-.screw1 end of rod A01 thusproviding I (Fig.3), to the Tia a branch; or. which is a connctedtothe elbow- 28 whichincludes a v vidcd with b ranches is (Fig;..2);receiving into thetop of the lid 52 and afiords afree I ews for operatingthe lever 31 by the turning. of a hand Wheel 43. Condensers 44 consist of heads M a top vapor'section Mb, a' lower-vapor section M9,. and an;interme- 'diate tubesectionfddi:lllhc lower iv'apor sec I into position closin tion 4d" is provided with branches .45

was d? The topvapor section 44?. is pro-' the ipe v49 *which has a suitable f opening M ont e side infthe center; 50 isa sleeve otsuitable 1 construction clamped onto pipe d9,-said sleeve" having a holeflto re- H ceive; a" -bent ;pipe 51 fl'a-ndq'coincidel with hole inpipe 49 and said sleevejbeing rnade to turn ireclyonsaid pipeaa 52' is a I lid of suitable; material and construction restingona seatg'53of pliable and;ncn-combustiblefmabcrial placed in airing groove made in {the scat-54. 'llhc Lbent'pipe' 51; fits opening from thechamber 55fthroughfpipes size formingjaninner circular chamber 55.

'51, 49 and 43 8 intothe top vaporchamber an. 1A rgrlind'er 59 'smallerlthan andi fitting into cylin er 3 isrnadc' of woven wire ofsuitable The condenser 56" is composed or top and bottom vapor heads 56 and the intermediate tube chamber 56*. The top-Va rhead has aconne'ction'to anenhauster 0 suitable design and, capacitythrough a pipe 57". The bottom vaporhead has aconnection leading to branch 27'onthe pipe 26. A chute 57, formed in the concrete ,strudure 1, leads into a conveyor :58 said conveyor leading into an elevator oi suitable size and corn structionnot shown. I v A cold water pipeline 60 is provided to furnish the necessaryv water to the condensers 44 and 56, and a water outlet line 61 is provided to convey the warm water after leavin said condensers 63 is a pipe tarnishinguel vapor through a pipe 64 into tlm c 7 coal fuel. Said fuel vars being obtained from the uncondensab e vapors derived from wood carbonized in the chamber 55. Having described the construction and ished by amber 5 in conjunction with charthe constituent parts of the oven in detail, I will now describe its operation.

Wood is brought in and cut to suitable lengths and elevated into a bin of suitable capacity by means of a suitable elevator conveyor.

The fuel used to produce the necessary heat for carbonization is charcoal replenthe uncondensed vapors obtained from distillation of wood. Said fuel charcoal is also elevated into a suitable bin by means of a suitable elevator conveyor. Car 22 is run under the ,bin containing wood and receives a charge sufiicient to fill'the chain'- ber 55. Lid 52 swinging on pipe 49 is lifted and the chute 25 on the car 22 is placed in the dot and dash line position shown. in this position car 22 is made to discharge its contents completely filling space 55 after which chute 23 is lifted into t e position shown and lid 52 swung back chamber 55 air tight. Car 22 receives a c arge of charcoal from the charcoal bin above referred to and conveys said charge into the hpfipper gate 9 through chute 23 adjusted.

openings 11 and 8, the hopper then is moved to a position where holes 8 are totally closed. Having also-closed holes 15 lbyihoving 12by' the handle 13 the charcoalcharge is ignited in chamber 5, receiving the necessary air through the hole 21,

the chamber 5. To this fuel is added'the f'vap'or fuel entering through pipes 63 and 64 into said chamber. The heat created in chamber 5 heats cylinder walls 3 and 2; the heat passing through wall 3 is utilized to carbonize the charge in 55 and the heatpassing through wall 2 superheats the air passing through checkerwork 6 before entering into the chamber 5 through holes 62. The purpose of the woven Wire cylinder 59 is to prevent the wood charge in'55 from coming into direct contact with cylinder wall 3. The heat passing through cylinder wall 3 into chamber 55 drives out the b -products contained in the wood in the orm of vapor, said vapors passing through pipes 51, 49 and 48 into the ,top vapor sections 44" of the condensers 4A. Tence the vapors flow through 44", 44 into 44, and thence through pipe 46 and elbow 28 into pipe 26, and thence through condensers 56 to the pipe 57.

The flow of vapors formed in chamber 55 through their path described is aided an exhauster (not shown) connected to 57, said pipe receiving all gases that are not condensable at ordina temperatures. Said gases are then placed n a holder (not rom hopper :9 charcoalnis' discharged into space 5 through shown) to be used as fuel in the ovens, being let into combustion chamber 5 through pipes.

63 and 64.

After all the vapors and gases are driven Off from wood charged in 55 and charcoal The contents of are then dischargedinto chute 57 and led into metal conveyor 58 to be quenched and elevated into the charcoal bin referred to above. A fraction of said charcoal made is used for fuel in the ovens. the balance being loadedfor shipment. Handle 13, which can be operated by hand or arranged to be operated by a machine. is to shake the ashes formed on the chute.57 f rom which it is swept into belt 58 to be conveyed into an ashbin as a by-product. The sweeping of. 57 clear of ashes'being done just before opening bottom 29.

The condensates collected in pipe "26 which contains all liquid products derived from wood, carbonized in chamber are then pumped into a still of suitable design where they are fractionized and the various products recovered separately.

What I claim as new. and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A by-product oven of the character described comprising an inner retort for the material to be treated, a fuel burning furnace surrounding said retort, movable top and bottom closures for said retort, and an annular grate for said furnace.

2.-A by-product oven of the character describedcomprising an inner retort for the material to be treated, a fuel burnin fur' nace surroundingsaid retort, movable top and bottom closures for said retort, a movable ported closure for the top of said furnace, and an annular grate for its bottom.

3. A by-product oven of the character, described com-prising an inner retort for the material to be treated, a fuel burning furnace surrounding said retort, and movable feed and grate elements at the top and bot tom of said furnace. v

4. In a by-product oven of the character described. an inner closed retort, a cylindrical wall forming a combustion chamber surrounding the retort, an air heating recuperative checkerwork surrounding said cylindrical wall, there being hot air and fuel admission openings in said combustion chamber, outlet fines for the gases from said retort and chamber, and means to-evacuate said retort and chamber.

5. In a by-product oven of the character described. an inner closed retort, a cylindrical wall forming a combustion chamber star rounding the-retort, an air heating recuperative checkerwork heated by the combustion chamber, there being hot air and fuel admission openings'in said chamber, outlet flues for the gases from said retort and chamber, and means to evacuate, said retort and chamber.

' 6. In av by-product.charcoal oven, a closed retort, movable top and bottom. closures therefor, an annular wall forming a combustion chamber about said retort having air inlet and ash discharge openings'at its base and fuel admission and gas outlet openings at its top, checkerwork surrounding and spaced from the outer wall of said combustion chamber, and means to cause the air supply for said chamber to flow through said checkerwork.

7. Ina by-product oven of'the character described, an outer marginal wall, a brick checkerwork within said wall, a tubular fur nace wall surrounded by and spaced from the checkerwork and having communication therewith near its base, a tubular retort wall surrounded by and spaced'fro-m said furnace wall, and means. for charging from above of. materials .into the chambers within and without said'inner element; and means to carrv off the'gases from said chambers.

8. -In a byproduct oven of the character described, anouter marginal wall, a brick checkerwork within said wall, a tubular furnace wall surrounded by and spaced from the checkerwork and having communication therewith near its base, a, second tubular retort wall surrounded by and spaced from said furnace wall, and means for charging from above of materials into and the bottom. withdrawal of products from the chambers within and without said inner eleinent, and means to carry off the gases from said chambers.

9. In a by-produet oven of the character described, an outer miarginal wall. a brielr checkerwork within said wall, a tubular furnace wall surrounded by and spaced from the checkerwork and having communication therewith near its base, said wall projecting above and below the checkerwork, a second tlibular retort wall surrounded by and spaced from said furnace wall, means or charging of materials from above into the chambers within and without said inner element. and means to carry off the gases from said chambers.

10. In a by-product oven of the character described, an outermarginal, wall, abrick checkerwork within said wall, a tubular furnace wall surrounded by and spaced from the checkerwork and having communication therewith near its base, a. second tubular retort wall surrounded by and'spaced from said furnace walland having its top and bottom ends exposed, means to charge from above materials into'the chambers within till and without said inner element, and means to carry off the gases from said chambers. 11. In a. by-product oven, an outer tubular jacket, a brick checkerwork lining in said jacket, ar-metallic base supported by the jacket, two concentric spaced metal cylinders supported by said base and forming between them an annular furnace which is surrounded by said checkerwork, there being an air inlet port near the top of the checkerwork and air inlet portsto admit the air preheated in said checkerwork into said furnace near its base. independent bottom closures for the furnace and for the retort formed in the inner cylinder, and fuel doors and gas eduction pipes for said furnace and retort.

12. In a by-product charcoal oven, 21 vertiravaeee cal closed retort, nlash chute below said Q retort, a charcoal furnace surrounding the retort, and independent doors to evacuate said retort and furnace into said chute.

13. In a by-product charcoal oven, an annular furnace comprising a concrete base and jacket, a retort mounted in the annular furnace, a chamber for the collection of condensates in the furnace base, and means to collect and conduct the vapors from the retort to said chamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ZAREH H. KEVQRKIAN.

Witness Norm: WELsH. 

